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The African helmeted turtle (''Pelomedusa subrufa''), also known as the marsh terrapin, crocodile turtle, or in the pet trade as African side-necked turtle, is an omnivorous side-necked terrapin that naturally occurs in fresh and stagnant water bodies throughout much of Sub-Saharan Africa, and even in southern Yemen. ==Description== The Marsh Terrapin is typically a rather small turtle, with most individuals being less than 20 cm in carapace length, but one has been recorded with a carapace length of 32.5 cm. It has a black or brown carapace (shell). The tops of the tail and limbs are a grayish brown, while the underside is yellowish. The male turtle is distinguished by its long, thick tail. A female tends to have a shorter tail and a broader carapace. A hatchling has a shell size of about 1.2 inches in length, and is olive to black in color. It also has two small tubercles under the chin and musk glands in the sides of the carapace. Uniquely, Pelomedusa does not have a hinged plastron (lower shell). All the other species in the family Pelomedusidae, however, have this feature which they can, using muscles, close to cover their heads and front limbs. Unlike many chelonians, African helmeted turtles are able, when they find themselves upside down, to right themselves with a vigorous flick from their long muscular necks.〔E.H.W. Baard: ''Cape Tortoises: Their identification and care''. Cape Nature Conservation. 1994.〕 Recent genetic research suggests that Pelomedusa comprises at least 10 different species, and not only one as previously thought. In the past the physical differences between populations were not regarded as substantial enough to recognise more than one species.〔Fritz, Uwe; Alice Petzold; Christian Kehlmaier; Carolin Kindler; Patrick Cambell; Margaretha D. Hofmeyr; & William R. Branch. (2014). Disentangling the Pelomedusa complex using type specimens and historical DNA (Testudines: Pelomedusidae). ''Zootaxa'' 3795(5): 501%u2013522〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「African helmeted turtle」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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